Purusartha

WHAT IS THE HINDU DHARMA ? CONTINUES…..

Now I am describing these things.

Purusharth ((four human pursuit)
a) Dharma : You have to follow, performing your own duty and toward the path of salvation with knowing yourself, Dharma and self deeds. You have to pray and meditate on the supreme being and formless god through the following rules of Yam, rule regulation, Asana, pranayama and pratyahara. Achieving Dharma is also a kind of Purusharth (goal).
b) Artha (economic) : we have to win the sorrowful life to achieve material happiness. Let’s do such deeds that can earn money. Money is the most important thing to sustain life. So Artha is very essential to achieve happiness and prosperity. Artha is also the goal of life or Purusharth.
c) Kam: (deep extensive desire, ego, sensuality) : whatever every kind of extreme desire and greed to get happiness and sexual fulfillment, all these things are kam. If you’re doing as you desire, you would be in hell. You have to fulfil your desire within your Dharma, social and family rule regulation. Otherwise it will damage your life.
d) Moksha (freedom from rebirth) : Moksha means a liberation from the material life. It is called samadhi in Yoga and nirvana in Buddhism. This is self realization and enlightenment. Who have attained salvation were called Ishwar, Buddha purusha or Bhagawan.

CONTINUES…..

December 17, 2020December 19, 2020

The Sky, The Stars, Moon and Sun

Continues…

This earth is also made of atoms. Everything exists from a bunch of the smallest particles. In fact, the smallest particles are known as atoms. Everybody knows each atom consists of a nucleus made of protons and neutrons orbited by electrons.

We can say atoms are made up of these three smaller particles. It has unlimited power. Scientists have discovered the most mysterious and smallest particles form. Scientists can only reveal the results that have taken place when that exists.

Scientists were researching and studying physics and they explained the properties of largest and smallest physical objects, but they were surprised that this world is not just only physical matter. They have been forced to accept that there is not only physics but also the identity of metaphysics.

Metaphysics accept the cosmic power existing in this universe such as amazing beauty and uniqueness for the human being. What proposes all these mysterious things, nobody knows? How is the interrelationship between the material and living creatures connected?

The sky, the stars, moon and sun or these nine planets and constellations, the air, were connected to its effects on living beings and plants. All these things were run in systemic and interrelationship. How is it all managed ? Who is controlling and making its rule regulation ?

Who is controlling and managing this universe? No one can give the answer for these things. If there was nobody to lead in even a small family, that home would destroy family relations. Then this is the universe.

If a bitter gourd grows on soil. It tastes bitter but orange grows on the same soil that tastes sweet on it, pepper fruits grow on it, it’s taste is hot.

Everybody knows that the soil is the same. Who has been making different tastes inside the fruit? Who injects all these sweet, bitter, hot things inside the different plant fruits? You never know bitter, sweet or spices when you touch these things.

Why do we need to find out taste depends on the tongue? Science cannot change their tastes. Science cannot make sweet bitter gourds. Science cannot make chilies sweet to chilly. Science could not change their physical and chemical properties.

Soil is the same but it gives different tastes for different fruit plants. For what purposes invent all these different seeds? Who is putting the special quality inside the tiny seed that would be a different plant and fruits in future ?

Who make inventions these properties include inside the tiny seeds. Nobody can give the answer? All the creatures that originated on the earth such as living being animals, birds, insects and plants. But all creatures have a special quality or properties.

Even they would be bounded interconnection with each other and universe. How to hang all planets in the sky? Who balances the gravity power of each planet? Who has maintained all these things? Why did I come to earth? Who am I ? some people tried to think about these things.

Almost mankind would be finished their life with eating food, having sex, making child, collecting new luxuries and comfortable things in whole life. But some people were still living in this world who think about whole planets, They worried to save the nature and natural value.

They think to make themselves happy for mankind in this world. They want stability of humanities all over the world. They worried about destroying the environment of the earth. They want to stop the end of destruction and encroachment on nature.

They worried animals are suffering and extinction from the world. They don’t want to see hungry and miserable humans and animals. They are wishing everyone to be happy.“सर्वे भवन्तु सुखिन: सर्वे सन्तु निरामया:। सर्वे भद्राणी पश्यन्तु मा कश्चिद्दु:खभाग्भावेत्”। All living beings were happy and nobody suffered from miserable conditions .

If men follow the path of spirituality that can become a great person. That kind of man who can assess the beauty of nature. That man understands the world and life. If man can love himself and others equally such a person having a truth dwells in his heart. Who can feel the relationship with the soul and divine.

That man always stands for truth and does not get upset under any circumstances. Who does not have feelings of pride, arrogance, jealousy, greed, high and low attitude. Even they do not desire respect from others. We can say that person was a spiritual man.

So religion is not spiritual, but people who go to the temple, masjid, church, stupa, Gurudwara or religious places to worship are called spiritual. But these things are not facts.

Religion is a sect. It is a social strong organization under religious faith. Here we made a man to god who broke the egg of religious faith. People right way make that person enter the world as god for a new religion.

The Buddha was born in Hindu family as prince and his rites were Hindu. But he broke the egg of hard covered Hinduism to apply by Yoga sadhana. After that people were followed by Buddha then his followers made him god and his new ideas and arguments were made as religion.

Buddha was an enlightened person who was a free not bound of any religion. He denied to worship on the statue of god. He never told their followers to make his statue and worship but today they did which buddha was not accepted.

In the same way, Jesus broke the religious egg of Judaism and came out. That is he was freed from the so-called religion. The free man did not establish religion by tying a circle around someone in the name of religion. He protested against the exploitation in the name of religion.

He sought religious liberation. But society considered him as god and imprisoned him in idols. The spiritual man is the one who can come out of the egg shaped bondage by searching for the truth. That person could be free from religion and caste boundaries. All these things are the difference between religion and spirituality.

December 16, 2020December 16, 2020

What is Spirituality?

Spirituality

Spirituality is a concept with a very wide potential. Of course, Which made the big thing of feeling interconnection with oneself. Where people are forced to find meaning in life. The subject of spirituality is a universally accepted human experience. The people of the world are finally touched by this theme. Spiritual experience can also be interpreted as the interrelationship with the sacred transcendental depths of human life.

Spirituality is the subject of search for the universe and life in this vast form. Which is far from matter. That which is beyond human, creature and plants, but also all these things are interrelated. People were going temple, church or masjid or going on pilgrimage or worshiping, all these things are religion and culture. That is not spirituality.

It is true to follow spirituality that a person could not be bound by any religion. They are free, they love all humans, creatures and nature without any hesitation. People are going to monasteries, churches, masjid and gurudwaras to pray even if they don’t have actual meaning of this. All these things are established as family culture. All people have the illusion of spirituality that exists within them.

Even that things are not revealed. People were confused not knowing yes or no. However, we are holding the view that following the prevailing religion makes us spiritual. We also believe that religious people are spiritual. When dissatisfaction arises from material happiness, then we want to seek ultimate happiness, peace of mind. They wants seek himself as “ who is I am”

continues…

December 11, 2020December 13, 2020

On The Path of Spirituality

Beginning Phase

the starting point

I was a science student. I am a person, who has been carrying materialistic thoughts for half of my life. I have always stood for materialism. At the age of 46, I was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis, which I did not know before. After sometime of being diagnosed, I suddenly passed out and my son brought me to hospital. After reaching hospital, doctors were trying to treat me however, I went into a coma for a week. During that time, the doctor lost hope and said that there is no chance of survival.

Doctor from the hospital called my family members because I was going near death. Later, all my relatives and family members were able to know about my critical situation. Doctor told me later that it was unbelievable and miraculous to come back conscious from a coma. I suffered from the disease for about three years and many times I was on the brink of death. I have never thought that I would survive by carrying someone else’s liver in my body.

Sometimes I feel that I have two humans inside me. I will always remember and thank the person who donated me his liver. Because of him, I am still alive in this world with his organ. Nobody knows what could happen anytime in their life. All the living creatures are mortal. Although anyone has the possibility of unexpected death. How can I trust my own long life? Sometimes my mind is in bad omen.

I have written all the above statements in my book, called “Kalejo Phereko Manchhe”, in Nepali that means liver transplanted man. I have seen my death very closely. I have suffered, I got to assimilate. Anyone could think America has prosperity and modern scientific prowess and it may look easy to transplant organs. But it is not as easy as everyone can think of. I was so lucky to get an opportunity to transplant my liver on time because more than 20% of patients die while they are waiting for an organ transplant.

No one has been able to conquer human death, even with any resources or technology. I’m not trying or wanting to disagree with science and technology because I was a science student and I have an interest in science and technology. Therefore, my liver transplant got successful and now I have a new life. Thanks to all doctors and nurses who believed in science/technology and putting these efforts on me.

After my transplant, I’ve turned into spiritual life. Science is based on proven facts while spirituality is transcendental. The feeling is deeply imprinted in my heart but these things have no proof or evidence. When I started to experience it, then I began to feel it. Spirituality is a warehouse of all kinds of knowledge. I used to understand that spiritual means only religious. I got distracted from materialism. But after the transplant, I tried to research spirituality. Now I am on to it.

I was born in Hindu Brahman family, but I never followed religion. I didn’t study the Sanskrit language. I never used to follow about our religion and tradition. I was not interested in these things before. So I never studied our Hindu culture, religion and tradition. In fact, I boycotted the Sanskrit language even though my father was a Pandit. I didn’t follow the path as he showed me, but I walked the other way. He always told me that he didn’t mind what courses I studied, but I have to read “Bhagavad Gita”. If a person dies without acquiring the knowledge of “Bhagavad Gita”, they never become free from hell.

October 30, 2020October 29, 2020

Visions: Essence and Types in Business

SHAILESH SAPKOTA | KATHMANDU | 2020-10-30 | 7:10PM

A new business is started with an idea to achieve specific goals. There are visions behind the idea to achieve that goal. Visions are the mission statement that is future-oriented that a business is likely to achieve in 5 or 10 or 20 years. It defines the ambition of an organization and the position it would like to achieve relative to its competitors. Businesses define their vision generally in one statement that would strategically inspire the organization to overcome obstructions. We can also say that vision statements are the key driver for the organization to innovate, to commit, to motivate, and success in the market (Bowen, 2018).

The vision statements are vital for the business because it defines the purpose of an organization and makes the sense of belongings to the employee. It acts as a direction for the organization, as well as helps to align the optimal utilization of the resources. Mostly it will assist high-level management to take decisions without being diverted from their main goals (Suranga, 2014). It also increases efficiency and productivity by aligning employee, board, and resources into one purposeful objective. Therefore, every business must develop a clear vision statement.

Developing effective vision statements:

A vision statement should be strategic, brief, widely acceptable, integrable, stable, and motivating. The first stage to develop a positive vision statement is to determine the role to craft it. In a small business, it is easier to gather insights from their employee as well as associates but in large corporations, it is possible to gather insights and ideas from the stakeholders (Kantabutra, 2008). Mainly, the board of directors and majority shareholders decides the vision statement with common attributes. The common attributes of positive vision statements are:

Clarity & Stability: Unclear vision statements can bring lots of confusion among the employee and stakeholders because in an organization there are a wide variety of works and employee. The main objective is to create a clear and precise vision so that every stakeholder, employee, and associates can be inline and clear the confusion. Vision statements are created taking longevity into account. It should be stable enough to withstand any external and internal changes.
Brevity: Usually people tend to catch short, sweet, and catchy statements but it is also not possible to communicate too short vision statements. Many organizations have longer than average vision statements to understand it they provide employees and stakeholders with indexes and clue cards. It brings too many hassles and customers might not be able to interpret them. So, a vision statement should incorporate brief sentences.
Future orientation: A vision statement should forecast the organization’s future goals and accomplishments. Effective vision statements should describe on-going actions as well as their future orientations.
Inspirational: An effective vision statements should be inspirational for the employee and stakeholders. The vision statements should motivate existing employees as well as be able to drive talents to the company (Abuachi, 2015). An employee tends to work efficiently in an inspirational environment. With a motivational vision statement, businesses can increase their productivity as well as improve the working environment.
Abstract and challenging: Vision statements should be able to provide a general idea and abstract picture of the organizational goals. Abstractness means the vision statements should not be focused on one goal. The statement should be that the organization has moved closer to achieve a goal but should not be attained once and for all because it will be inappropriate to move on to another vision. So, to maintain consistency the vision statement should be abstract. It should also be in a challenging way so that employees and other stakeholders feel motivated to accomplish the challenge.

The above-mentioned attributes help us to incorporate effective vision statements. This will help us to create an organization’s culture, goals, output, positive perspectives, and great organizational structures. We can take the above attributes and develop vision statements for a company “Refurbstuffs”. The main objective of Refurbstuffs is to provide refurbished electronic products at an exclusive lower price. Keeping the objective and above mentioned attributes in mind, we have created a vision statement for our business.

Vision: “To achieve 100% customer satisfaction for every product by providing relentless service, quality, and value”

In the above vision statement, we can see our effort to provide customer satisfaction and focusing on the after-sales service of our products. Usually refurbished products are re-made and fixed out of manufacturing error. The company sells repaired manufacturing defective electronic gadgets of different brands including Apple, Samsung, Sony, etc. Refurbished products are a new concept in the market and customers are in doubt to buy the product. So, we assure them that the products are 100% genuine by providing exceptional after-sales support so that they can trust our products. So using “100% satisfaction” and “relentless service, quality, and value” in our vision statements can help us achieve the trust we need. Also, another reason for us to choose the above statement is because of its clarity, brevity, and abstractness.

References

Suranga, M. (2014, January). Mission and vision of the organization. Importance of Corporate Vision, 1-4. Retrieved May 30, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331684763_Importance_of_Corporate_Vision

Kantabutra, S. (2008). The Journal of Applied Business Research. What Do We Know About Vision?, 24(2), 1-10. Retrieved May 20, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282715988_What_Do_We_Know_About_Vision

Abuachi, J. (2015, June). Importance of vision. Mission and Vision Statements, 1-5. Retrieved May 30, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277775744_Mission_and_Vision_Statements

October 29, 2020November 13, 2020

Leadership concepts and skills

SHAILESH SAPKOTA | KATHMANDU | 2020-10-29 | 9:10PM

Leadership is a skill of motivating a group of followers towards the achievement of specific goals. In a business setting, leadership helps to enhance the personal, social, and professional growth of the employee. Effective leadership can express and communicate the vision, and target of the organization to the employee (Khan, Nawaz, & Khan, 2016). Therefore, successful leaders are those that inspire and can encourage others towards the share aspiration.

There are different types of leadership characteristics that we experienced in the history of mankind. It is truly an ability to put together the right traits, characteristics, and ability to communicate the path to their followers. There are also different principles and styles of leadership that had been in practice. In the context of business, leadership is directly associated with performance. If an appointed leader cannot fulfill the objective and doesn’t meet the profit expectations they may be terminated by the board (Surji, 2015). Achieving all these skills and techniques can provide us with effective leadership ability.

Leadership qualities:

Leadership definition is being changed according to the demand of time. Previously, there was the popularity of the traditional type of leadership. In this approach, leaders were considered effective because of their personality, traits, and behavior. It is an interpersonal influence attended through the communication process. Successful leaders are those that successfully collaborate to achieve common goals. Leadership qualities revolve around these concepts. The quality in leadership is the ability a leader should possess to effectively lead an organization or group of people. Often, these qualities depend upon the intrinsic and extrinsic behavior of the leader. Quality in leadership is discussed mostly on the concept of total quality management (TQM). The leadership quality depends on strategic leadership, visionary leadership, integral leadership, fostering innovation, empowerment, and teamwork. Among the different styles of leadership, transformational leadership has the highest quality to lead the organization effectively. It is because leaders following transformational leadership are influencers, trust creators, communicators, initiators, and developers.

As leading an organization, I have been able to practice transformational leadership. Some of the qualities that can be reflected in me are:

Vision and Purpose: According to Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric, “Business leaders should create a vision and relentlessly drive others to achieve it”. To run the organization smoothly, it should be future driven. Being a leader, I know that it is important to visualize the future for not only me but also for the welfare of employees and organizations. It is important to set the direction and be able to see the bigger picture. I believe that a leader should go above and beyond expectations to achieve the vision and purpose of the organization.
Honesty and Integrity: I believe that successful effective leadership can be derived from honesty and integrity. It is a leader’s responsibility to maintain honesty in the organization. Influencing others with high positive moral and honest behavior can be done with honesty and integrity in leadership. I believe that a leader should lead the organization with honesty and integrity to build credibility, create a trustworthy atmosphere, for the commitment of success, and to prepare themselves ahead of future challenges.
Decision-making capabilities: It is one of the vital qualities of effective leadership. It is important to make the right decisions on time. Being a leader, it is my responsibility to make a decision and make a stand by it. Mostly, in our organization, I have a responsibility to make direct decisions regarding the operation of the business. But, if we need to spend a high amount of money on assets or in marketing, it is compulsory to consult the board first. Fluctuating decisions might show that leadership is immature. So, a leader needs to take a timely and right decision.
Accountability: A good leader should not only be accountable for his decision but for his sub-ordinates too. According to Arnold H Glasow, a US businessman, “leaders are those that take little more than the share of the blame and little less than the share of credit”. To be efficient it is necessary to pat the back of sub-ordinates if mistakes occur. It is also necessary to back them up and make them realize the mistake and move on.
Empathy and Emotional Intelligence: A leader should have influencing characteristics to be efficient. To make a person liable to the leader they should focus by connecting emotionally. Being an emotionally intelligent being, I have been able to understand the feeling of the employee. In my experience, employee sometimes feels low and emotionally affected due to their family and other external affairs. It is important to understand their feeling and act accordingly to keep them motivated and aspiring.

Except for these qualities, a leader needs to understand and act according to the scenarios.

Visions and values:

Visions define the ambition and future orientation of an organization. The organization creates their vision statement that directs the board and employee to innovate, commit, and motivate all in one perspective. A vision statement will be effective only if it has qualities like strategic, brief, widely accepted, and motivating. Some of the most significant attributes of effective vision statements are clarity, stability, brevity, future orientation, inspirational, abstract, and challenging (Kantabutra, 2008). Visions also play an important role in personal life, with a forward and positive vision one can be future-orientated. The visions should always be in line with the personal values of the leader.

Role of ethics in effective leadership:

Effective leadership focuses on achieving organizational vision. It helps in setting the organizational culture and values. Leadership is all about inspiring followers and motivate them. Effective leadership comes with making timely decisions, leading by examples, problem solver, believer, accountable, trustworthy, effective communication, confident, and innovation. This all can be achieved if the leader has ethics in themselves.

Ethical leadership demonstrates the ability to look towards common welfare that is acceptable. It can help to establish a positive organizational environment. Leaders that lead by example influence others to maintain a positive working environment. Ethical leadership can also manage employee behavior and conduct so that they can work in a team with harmony. When leaders carry a positive ethical attitude the organizational atmosphere automatically tends towards the philosophy of leaders. Some of the important role of ethics in leadership includes:

Shows justices.
Builds community,
Serves others.
Manifests Honesty.
Respect others.

Leadership style:

Leadership has a long history and has seen changes in its approach. We have seen different types of leadership styles in human history. The first-ever study on leadership style was conducted by Kurt Lewin in 1939. The major leadership styles can be categorized as:

a. Autocratic/Authoritative: In this style of leadership one man that leads takes control over all the decisions with little input from their sub-ordinates. They make choices based on their judgments and accept decisions rarely. Some of the primary characteristics of autocratic leadership styles are:

Leaders make their own decision.
Dictates sub-ordinates according to their working methods.
Creates a high organizational structure and a rigid environment.
Establish non-flexible rules.

b. Democratic/participative leadership: With democratic leadership, sub-ordinates voices are heard by the leaders. Leaders also include the idea and perspective of others. Everyone in a team is allowed to participate and discuss the issue. Yet leaders take the decision authority, the view of sub-ordinates is also considered. Some of the characteristics of democratic leadership styles are:

Team members are encouraged to share their ideas and opinions.
Team members feel more participatory.
Creativity and out-of-box thinking are encouraged and rewarded.

c. Delegate or Laissez-faire leadership: In this style, the sub-ordinates are allowed to take decisions on behave of the group leader. This type of leadership has both cons and pros and should be used according to the business. We can see the Laissez-faire leadership model used in the IT business. The characteristics of Laissez-faire leadership styles are:

Sub-ordinates have complete freedom to make decisions.
Group members are encouraged to solve problems on their own.
The main objective of leaders will be to provide resources.
Little guidance from leaders.

References

Cherry, K. (2018, January 08). What’s Your Leadership Style? Retrieved June 23, 2020, from verywellmind.com: https://www.verywellmind.com/whats-your-leadership-style-3866929?quizResult=705ec57c

Fowlie, J., & Wood, M. (2009, January). Journal of European Industrial Training. The Emotional Impact of Leaders’ Behaviours, 33(6), 1. Retrieved June 23, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234608863_The_Emotional_Impact_of_Leaders’_Behaviours

Khan, Z. A., Nawaz, A., & Khan, I. D. (2016). Journal of Resources Development and Management. Leadership Theories and Styles: A Literature Review, 16, 1-6. Retrieved June 04, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293885908_Leadership_Theories_and_Styles_A_Literature_Review

Manning, G., & Curtis, K. (2014). The art of leadership,. New York: McGraw Hill. Retrieved 2020

Stringfellow, A. (2012, August 31). Building team. 5 Strategies for Managing Workplace Conflicts, 1. Retrieved June 23, 2020, from https://www.americanexpress.com/en-us/business/trends-and-insights/articles/5-strategies-for-managing-workplace-conflicts/

Surji, K. (2015, January). Leadership ability. Understanding Leadership and Factors that Influence Leaders’ Effectiveness, 1-5. Retrieved June 19, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313636384_Understanding_Leadership_and_Factors_that_Influence_Leaders’_Effectiveness

Urbancova, H., Cermakova, H., & Vostrovská, H. (2016, January). Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. Diversity Management in the Workplace, 64(3), 1083-1092. Retrieved June 23, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304813364_Diversity_Management_in_the_Workplace

October 28, 2020October 29, 2020

Adolf Hitler: The Leadership according to the time

Shailesh Sapkota | Kathmandu | 2020-10-28 | 9:16pm

Ralph Waldo Emerson, an American philosopher quotes, “Leaders should not follow the path that may lead somewhere instead they should go where there is no path and leave a trail”. Leadership is an abstract term and can be defined explicitly only. But in general, effective leadership is an art of motivation. It is a position that can influence, guide, and direct the behavior of a certain group of people to accomplish a common goal (Manning & Curtis, 2014). Leader of either public organization or private enterprise, they should have the charisma and essential attributes to provide direction for their followers.

Leaders pave away and create an environment for nation-building. To do so, they formulate their leadership skills in four dimensions such as promoting right national values, being living models, formulating nation development goals, and defining a national vision. Achieving success in the above dimensions require co-operative effort from the powerful people. Leaders chose anyone that can implement and mobilize the vision and strategies. To do so, leaders should put forward their agenda as clearly, effectively, and credibly. Effective leaders develop the national capacity and unite all together to achieve the chosen goals. By bringing changes through a series of phases and minimizing mistakes as one critical mistake can have a devastating impact on the country as well as their position (Gebrekidan, 2009).

An effective leader of a nation should pose developmental and legacy building characteristics. There should three elements quality, justice, and legitimacy on an effective leader in terms of shaping a nation. Quality refers to the leadership skills, competence, and attributes while justice means the feeling of having harmony, peace, and unity among the people. Likewise, legitimacy is must-have essence in a national leader it is obtained through the support of the public. Although it can be achieved by force it will take time for the leaders to sustain their leadership.

From the history of mankind, we can observe the concept of leadership and the evolution of the concept. We have seen many leaders leading the nation with their positive and negative attributes. Leaders make their stand either forcefully or by being elected democratically. Some leaders made history by saving mankind while others neutralized innocents to take power. Among such leaders, there is one such leader that showed humanity the extreme interpretation of power a leader can have in Adolf Hitler.

Background:

Born in 1889, April 20 in Austria world saw the powerful leader of the 20^th century in Adolf Hitler. After the retirement of his father, Alois Hitler migrated to Linz where Adolf Hitler spent his childhood. His childhood shaped his personality later in his life. The atmosphere and family he was growing was dysfunctional. He constantly suffered the violence expressed by his father. He feared his father a lot and no longer could control the domineering characteristics of him. He went to school in his hometown, he was a bright and well behavior student at his primary level but after changing school his study went downstairs and left school with no degree at the age of six. But he was a fabulous artist of his time. Hitler dreamt of himself as an art graduate but his father was against him. After the death of his mother in 1907 he finally decided and applied to the Vienna Academy of Fine arts but was rejected. He moved to Vienna and started painting postcards for a living. He began to develop his perspective and understood society which later assisted him to get his adult personality. Hitler didn’t like the multi-ethnic composition of Austria’s Habsburg Empire and left Austria for Germany (Hyland & Boduszek, 2011).

Rise to power:

In Germany, he was keen to prove loyalty towards German chancellor and joined the army. In the military, he found his purpose and cause. Germany lost the war at that time and was forced to sign the treaty of Versailles. As a result, Germany lost a huge territory and was forced to bear a large number of reparations. From defeated Germany, Hitler couldn’t face the Versailles humiliation and agreed to join the German Worker’s party because of their nationalist, and anti-Semitic beliefs. Due to his powerful oratory skills, he moved above the rank rapidly. He became a popular figure at the time when Germany suffered hyperinflation. Taking this as a chance, Hitler promised revolution for the German people. According to him, a nation is not an economy rather a gathering of the same races. He prioritized the rights of the white Aryan race and viewed Jews as parasites. Hitler saw his unpopularity during the election when his party Nazi won only 2.6% of the vote. But, after four years of his political dedication, Nazis became the largest party in Germany and won the election with a 37% vote. By overthrowing the then German president Von Hindenburg he took the dictatorial powers and disbanded all the political parties unassociated with the Nazis. After taking full control of the German Army and nation he planned to expand the territory of Germany first to Austria. This idea of dominating the world with one race and expansion of German territory began World War II (Daniel & Sterphone, 2019).

Adolf Hitler: A fascist leader

Adolf Hitler had the personality as a man with destiny and having an infallible vision. He possessed the vision to restore the glory of Germany. He had the willpower, inspiring self-confidence, and the root understanding of Germany within himself. These qualities were developed in Hitler from his childhood and his empathy towards the normal people. The most harmful drawbacks in Hitler’s personality was his inability to accept criticism. He was a master at public speaking and a propaganda artist. His words could appeal to the subconscious and irrational part of the public that made him a formidable politician of his time. His appearance in public made a crowd full of emotional and overwhelming feelings. The development of mass broadcasting media such as radio, air transportation, mike, and speaker made him able to keep the public constantly aware of his propaganda. He constantly made German people aware that he was the chosen one to restore Germany into world power (Braunbeck, 1997). During his tenure, he clearly showed his fascism by using his authoritarian ultra-nationalism principle.

Positive attributes of Adolf Hitler’s leadership style:

After coming into power Hitler showed his authoritarian personality by forming an autocratic government. He suppressed his opponents and took absolute power to lead Germany. Germany at that time had only one party, the Nazis. Autocratic leadership is also called authoritarian leadership because this style characterizes individual control over the power and decisions with little input from the group members. Germany was at the active participant of World War II, so Adolf Hitler included his autocratic personality over the military leadership style. He showed good military leadership for Germany at that time. His ability to remember precise details such as historical information, personal experience, facts, and economic statistics made him a good military leader. His lack of education gave him the ability to read everything presented in front of him. He had also great military understanding because of his knowledge about guns, tanks, weapons, and tactics (Pavlovska & Hrytsiuk, 2018). His military leadership was inspired by his experience as a common soldier in World War I. He had the quality of empathy the soldiers fighting in the front line. As a military leader, he had all the qualities such as strong will power, intelligence, and nerves of steel. He prepared himself to present without feeling intimidating in front of well-educated technicians, businessmen, and military experts.

Negative attributes of Adolf Hitler’s leadership style:

His ability to remember specific details also backfired him throughout his tenure as leader of Germany. His power to remember every detail and briefing presented by his officer made them liable to build sequence from their past message to present the message inline. If any deviations in briefing occurred Hitler took it as deception. Hitler’s assumptions to not trust anyone except him took away the major attribute of effective leadership. The essence to allow subordinates to make decisions based on their knowledge and experience from the battlefield. His distrust for his commanding officers was based upon the betrayal he experienced while coming into power. He thought that he alone can lead others his over-confidence began to view himself as a great military leader. The commanders didn’t know the planning and were not allow for any type of input. Though, his military strategy was good but was not enough to lead the World War II that differ completely from the war he fought. His principle of “no retreat policy” was the wrong strategy, often his army established a defense line rather than continuing expansion. Another negative attribute of his leadership skills was the overestimation of his willpower. When he faced difficulties he often procrastinated to resolve the issue. His ill-tempered and changing mood made him think alone without discussing anything with anyone. His approach to decision-making went illogical and well-thought-out manner. The logical approach of decision making involves developing alternatives, gathering facts, comparing advantages and disadvantages, and selecting the best alternatives. Hitler’s approach was opposite to that of the above quality, once he was comfortable and convinced he would call in his sub-ordinates and presented his decisions. It was impossible to change the decisions, no one could challenge the decisions made by Hitler. Not only that, his standpoint against the Jews and making a world full of White- Aryan made it his leadership worst for mankind.

Conflict resolution and management:

The leadership style possessed by Adolf Hitler made him self-centric, and overconfident. He didn’t listen to any of his sub-ordinates and made each decision through his willpower. Whenever the conflict occurred he took it on his own without listening to others. In November 1942, the soviet launched an offensive against Germany troops. The then army chief of the German army tried to convince Hitler to withdraw the troops to overcome the offensive. But, Hitler didn’t listen to the army chief and decided to hold their ground. This affected the Sixth division of the German army and faced huge casualties. The expansion from Austria to Czechoslovakia and USSR made Hitler powerful enough to dominate the world but his lack of conflict management ability made German back to their beginning and lost World War II.

Effectiveness Analysis:

Adolf Hitler’s leadership style made him the most dreadful man of his time. His authoritarian leadership style made him over-confident of his willpower. He didn’t like others to intervene in his life. For German people, his style of leadership was needed at that time. He promised Germany to overcome the economic situation as well as make them one of the powerful nations to dominate the world. His leadership was effective for Germany and his followers at that time. But his dream of ethical cleansing and overconfident made him struggle with his power to dominate the world. His autocratic leadership style was not effective for him to land the outcome he wanted. Also, his violence and exaggeration of innocent Jews made the world against him. Autocratic leadership style can have an effect for a limited time but in the long run, it doesn’t work. We can see various examples of failed autocratic leadership in Joesph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Saddam Hussian, etc. So, we can conclude that in the 21^st century where the literacy of the public is high the autocratic leadership is not effective.

References

Braunbeck, P. A. (1997, March). Graduation Requirements of ACSC. A Military Leadership Analysis of Adolf Hitler, 1-10. Retrieved June 7, 2020, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8060/d978da4b5a9a7290ab59d76d7a7423b83de6.pdf?_ga=2.250802703.821974690.1591420601-210292605.1591420601

Daniel, R., & Sterphone, J. (2019, May). Rise of Hitler. Shame, Anti-Semitism, and Hitler’s Rise to Power in Germany, 1-5. Retrieved June 07, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332780424_Shame_Anti-Semitism_and_Hitler’s_Rise_to_Power_in_Germany

Gebrekidan, D. A. (2009, May). 10th International Academy of African Business and Development. Leadership Crises and Nation Building in a Politically Turbulent Environment — The Case of Eritrea, 1-5. Retrieved June 6, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308749342_Leadership_Crises_and_Nation_Building_in_a_Politically_Turbulent_Environment_–_The_Case_of_Eritrea

Hyland, P., & Boduszek, D. (2011, January). Psychology, Society, & Education . A psycho-historical analysis of Adolf Hitler: The role of personality, psychopathology, and development, 4(2), 58-63. Retrieved June 7, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263077121_A_psycho-historical_analysis_of_Adolf_Hitler_The_role_of_personality_psychopathology_and_development

Leonard, D. (2010, March). ASQ Quality Management Division Conference. The Characteristics of Quality Leadership, 1-10. Retrieved June 7, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273141772_The_Characteristics_of_Quality_Leadership

Manning, G., & Curtis, K. (2014). The art of leadership,. New York: McGraw Hill. Retrieved 2020

Pavlovska, S., & Hrytsiuk, V. (2018, December). Codrul Cosminului. Some Aspects of Organisation of the Military-Political Leadership of Ideological Work in the Armed Forces of Nazi Germany During the Second World War, 303-322. Retrieved June 07, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330686862_Some_Aspects_of_Organisation_of_the_Military-Political_Leadership_of_Ideological_Work_in_the_Armed_Forces_of_Nazi_Germany_During_the_Second_World_War

June 5, 2020

Reopening community and living with coronavirus – no other option

Like other seasonal viral infections, people now have to live with coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) until the discovery of the vaccine and the availability of drugs. Yeah, does that mean staying at home? Definitely No, let’s live with the virus by ensuring personal hand hygiene, cough hygiene, and retaining social distance. More clearly, go out for routine work, else people will be forced to die because of hunger. Also, the public would still have to suffer from other health issues, economic crisis, altered psychological attitudes, and then function by violence and stealing to sustain life. Due to emergency pandemic alert, lockdown in many countries has been in effect already for 2-3 months and will uncertainly continue worldwide. Still, it’s uncertain how long people would embrace the government advice to “Stay at Home and Work from Home.”

Unfortunately, the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine will not be available any time soon, and I assume it might take at least 12-16months. Even drugs like Hydroxychloroquine and Remdesivir (investigational broad-spectrum antiviral drug) in clinical trials showed some supportive effects, but they are neither 100% effective nor cure the COVID-19. In the row, COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 shows variability in the severity and symptoms. Such variability is unknown but may be due to high mutation frequency in RNA coronavirus. As such, it can be presumed that the virus can remain as it is, but may have mild human health consequences.People have followed the advice of the government to remain at home, but it has been for a long time. Now it’s time to find the way to live with the virus and go out for routine work.

Why living with corona virus?

Yet COVID-19 immunity is not known – People with mild or asymptomatic infections may not produce antibodies quickly or to the same level as people who experience more severe disease. This means they don’t have antibody-mediated immunity but could have cell-mediated immunity. Thus, it is difficult to understand the phase they are in. But isolation for 2-3 weeks is a safe bet in any case. It is also unclear how long asymptomatic carriers remain infectious because we don’t know the exact stage of the infection in the individual. Detecting viruses in an individual doesn’t mean the virus is infectious. But it is easier to define the isolation period. So, people can stay home for a few weeks and be asymptomatic for 2 days before going back to work.
Uncertainty over complete recovery from corona virus – It’s very difficult to say the exact number of days that infected people get fully recovered from coronavirus. Also, it depends on the individual to individual. While in mild cases, it may take a week or even less to recover, but physicians should decide whether to stay in isolation or can go for work. Still, science is in search of the specific drugs and vaccine to COVID-19. It is apparent that even the guidelines of the WHO and the CDC tend to evolve over time as new findings are published. None have exact answer about how long this virus will remain with us and how it is going to affect the community.

What reopening is essential?

Reopening the essential business ¬– Important commercial businesses should be allowed to remain open to the public while maintaining the mitigation regulations. These include grocers, pharmacies, oil stations, financial institutions, maintenance/repair spaces, post offices, etc. Employees, including law enforcement personnel, emergency services (fire brigade and ambulance), construction/repair personnel, laboratory researchers, janitorial and custodial staff, need to be at their workplace to perform their job duties. All other entertainment and recreational centers (gym, yoga) should remain close until further notice from the government is given.
Reopening groceries, markets, and pharmacies – As close contact is the main form of virus transmission, so we can’t exclude the possibility of infection to the people from public spaces, markets, and pharmacies. But the probability is very low. Everyone should practice essential precautions, like hand hygiene and cough hygiene, when encountered with people or while visiting markets. People should be allowed to go out and live a healthy lifestyle, but at the same time, remember the guidelines and maintain social distance.
Reopening of academic institutes – While academic institutes can’t be closed forever, authorities need to find a good balance. In the meantime, the governmental and institutional authorities need to function and weigh in the negative impact of the closing school. A few researchers have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 infection is moderate in children. No cases of children with severe infection who needed hospitalization and intensive treatment have been recorded. But, to confirm rates of infection in children, more data are still required.

Government and public health authorities can execute the plan to reduce the risk, but it is impossible to completely eliminate the risk of COVID-19. For this, recognizing the phase of infection in the country helps to decide the reopening of the society or nation. I revisited the appropriate phase of COVID-19, and currently, Nepal is in phase 2 (चरण२), as shown in Figure.

Figure: Five phases for COVID-19 epidemic in Nepal (नेपालमा कोभिड-१९ महामारीको लागि पाँच चरणहरू)

It is not possible to keep the country on lockdown waiting for the discovery of vaccines or medicine against novel coronavirus. It’s the responsibility of the nation to find a way to live with a new virus. Some concerns for careful planning to reopen society and rebuild the economy of Nepal are highlighted below,

Test suspected to detect virus, track how virus is spreading, and isolate and quarantine infected individuals in hospitals or designated facilities with necessary care and treatment.
Monitoring and surveillance to ascertain the country’s present mitigation levels.
Safeguarding and supporting medical professionals and members at high risk of serious illness.
Encourage safe personal hygiene, such as hygiene of hands and coughing.
Stockpile enough resources to support safe hygiene habits, including soap, alcohol-based hand sanitizer, and tissues.
Educating and reinforcing the use of face masks and gloves to all public.
Make signs of social between 3-6 meters to stand in a queuein banks, markets, and pharmacy and ensuring to restrict groups.
Thoroughly clean and disinfect commonly touched surfaces like doorknobs and other appliances in public spaces.
Implement routine health checks, such as temperature screening, upon arrival.
Posting leaflets in public placeson how to stop COVID-19 spread.

Besides this, science/health correspondence has to alert the public about the transmission of the viral outbreak and maintain openness through credible media sources. If not, pseudoscience will take place, such as the use of cow urine, injection of disinfection solution, cocaine use suggested as COVID-19 Cures. But are not limited to wellness gurus, superstitious power in the name of goddesses, and alternative-medicine practitioners push as a hoax way for treatment – all guff.

–Dr Rupendra Shrestha
Clinical Molecular Geneticist
Post-Doc, Department of Genetics,
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA

July 18, 2019July 18, 2019

GoPro Hero 7 Black Live Stream Restrictions on YouTube?

Live streaming is common nowadays in social media. Facebook, Twitter, youtube and many other social media platforms offer this feature. Streaming live video is easy as long as you own the smartphone. Every smartphone has social media app, which features Live streaming within the app. Are there any restrictions for live streaming on these platform?

Today, we are not going to talk live streaming of every social media platform. We are going to discuss about the Live stream features on YouTube. Youtube is a biggest video sharing website founded in February 2005. As time passed along, the popularity of YouTube has gone bigger and bigger. According to MerchDope.com, 1.3 billion people uses YouTube and 300 hours of videos are uploaded on YouTube every single day. Also, 5 billion videos are watched on Youtube everyday.
By knowing all of the above facts, we know that YouTube is the most popular video hosting site in the world. Many YouTubers are growing on YouTube with their popularity as well as financially and everyday new user signup to become YouTuber.
The more people landed on YouTube as a video publisher, YouTube is restricting and adding more policy every now and then. They have a strict rules and guidelines that every video publisher must follow, otherwise get ready for Account Termination.
We are not going to talk about all the features or restrictions that YouTube has currently. We are only going to talk about the live streaming restrictions that YouTube has.

Live Streaming on YouTube was much easier like Facebook. However, every now and then YouTube sets a policy to make a community safe. YouTube has updated a policy by raising the threshold for YouTube Live Stream with Mobile. From now on, you won’t be able to do a live streaming from your mobile device, if you have less than 1000 subscribers. This includes a GoPro Hero 7 camera as well, since GoPro Hero 7 Action camera is considered under mobile devices. This compliance has only applied in Mobile devices who has less than 1000 subscribers. However, it does not effect other live streaming tools and you can still live stream from your desktop even if you have less than 1000 subscribers.
We do not know what thresholds YouTube will come with again. However, YouTube is creating strict rules and guidelines that every user must follow and it’s getting more difficult for the new YouTubers. New YouTubers need to come up with strong content, video quality, audio quality and so on. It’s getting harder and harder everyday because of the tough competition as well as YouTube policy being updated every now and then.

What you think about this threshold?
Does it effect you or you think it will effect new user without this feature?
What is you concern regarding this threshold?

Let me know in the comment below

May 25, 2019May 25, 2019

What is Lending Tree?

LendingTree is the primary online business middle for focused advance offers and credit arrangements, allowing buyers to save and think about choices from the most important gadget of loan experts, banks and credit score accomplices inside the business. at the off risk that you are trying to find a domestic improve, LendingTree.com tries to unite you with extraordinary banks who will vie for your enterprise and supply you with changed credit offers. It was installed in 1998.

LendingTree allows customers to keep and analyze money choices from the most important system of mortgage professionals, banks and credit score accomplices in the commercial enterprise.

these are the overall options of a Lending Tree.

Complete one truthful shape
Get exceptional gives in minutes
Type and think about them one next to the alternative
Get unfastened live patron assist when you require it

The venture of a Lending tree is and dependable has been to interact consumers to decide the sharpest cash associated alternatives on the most primary times in their lives.

The administrations gave by way of Lending Tree are:

Renegotiate advances, mortgage Loans, private Loans, vehicle Loans, personal price range, credit cards, credit score rating, mortgage prices, financial apparatuses, economic exhortation, mortgage Calculators, Refinance Calculators, Loan Calculators.